The overwhelming majority of forced marriages (more than 85 per cent) was driven by family pressure. Child marriages are considered to be forced because a child cannot legally give consent to marry.įorced marriage is closely linked to long-established patriarchal attitudes and practices and is highly context specific. The true incidence of forced marriage, particularly involving children aged 16 and younger, is likely far greater than current estimates can capture these are based on a narrow definition and do not include all child marriages. This indicates an increase of 6.6 million since the 2016 global estimates. Forced marriageĪn estimated 22 million people were living in forced marriage on any given day in 2021.
More than half of these are in commercial sexual exploitation. State-imposed forced labour accounts for 14 per cent of people in forced labour.Īlmost one in eight of all those in forced labour are children (3.3 million). Almost four out of five of those in forced commercial sexual exploitation are women or girls. Forced labour in sectors other than commercial sexual exploitation accounts for 63 per cent of all forced labour, while forced commercial sexual exploitation represents 23 per cent of all forced labour. Most cases of forced labour (86 per cent) are found in the private sector. More than half (52 per cent) of all forced labour and a quarter of all forced marriages can be found in upper-middle income or high-income countries. Modern slavery occurs in almost every country in the world, and cuts across ethnic, cultural and religious lines. Women and children remain disproportionately vulnerable. 10 million more people were in modern slavery in 2021 compared to 2016 global estimates.
The number of people in modern slavery has risen significantly in the last five years. Of these people, 28 million were in forced labour and 22 million were trapped in forced marriage. Fifty million people were living in modern slavery in 2021, according to the latest Global Estimates of Modern Slavery .
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